Medusa
Medusa ransomware is a sophisticated cyber threat known for its rapid encryption capabilities and unique deployment techniques, primarily targeting organizations across various sectors with the aim of extorting ransom payments.
The origin of Medusa ransomware
Medusa or MedusaBlog is a sophisticated ransomware group that has been actively targeting organizations since at least early 2023. The group has gained notoriety for its rapid encryption capabilities and unique techniques for spreading its malware and seems to be related to MedusaLocker. The name "Medusa" reflects the group's tendency to metaphorically "turn files to stone," rendering them unusable until a ransom is paid.
Countries targeted by Medusa ransomware
The majority of Medusa's attacks have been concentrated in the United States, but significant incidents have also been reported in countries like the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. This distribution indicates a focus on developed nations with extensive digital infrastructures.
Source: Unit42
Industries targeted by Medusa ransomware
Medusa ransomware has impacted a wide range of industries. High-value targets include healthcare, manufacturing, education, and professional services, reflecting the group's strategy to attack sectors that handle critical and sensitive information.
Source: Unit42
Medusa ransomware's victims
Medusa has targeted more than 235 victims since 2023.
Source: ransomware.live
Medusa ransomware's attack method
Medusa typically gains access through exploiting vulnerabilities in remote desktop protocols (RDP) and employing phishing campaigns. They also utilize compromised credentials acquired through various means.
Once inside a network, Medusa employs tools like PsExec to elevate privileges and establish a stronger foothold within the system.
The group disables security tools using PowerShell scripts and modifies registry settings to avoid detection. They also utilize string encryption techniques to obscure malicious code.
Medusa harvests credentials using various command-line tools and scripts, allowing them to move laterally across the network.
They perform extensive network reconnaissance using tools like Netscan to identify valuable targets and gather information on the network topology.
Medusa uses legitimate tools and protocols, such as RDP and SMB, to move laterally within the network, leveraging stolen credentials.
The ransomware collects sensitive data from the infected systems, preparing it for exfiltration.
The ransomware encrypts files using AES256 encryption, appending the ".medusa" extension to affected files.
Data is exfiltrated to remote servers controlled by the attackers. This data is then used to pressure victims into paying the ransom.
The final stage involves dropping a ransom note, typically named "!!read_me_medusa!!.txt," instructing victims on how to pay the ransom to decrypt their files. The group uses a mix of RSA and AES encryption to secure the ransom transactions.
Medusa typically gains access through exploiting vulnerabilities in remote desktop protocols (RDP) and employing phishing campaigns. They also utilize compromised credentials acquired through various means.
Once inside a network, Medusa employs tools like PsExec to elevate privileges and establish a stronger foothold within the system.
The group disables security tools using PowerShell scripts and modifies registry settings to avoid detection. They also utilize string encryption techniques to obscure malicious code.
Medusa harvests credentials using various command-line tools and scripts, allowing them to move laterally across the network.
They perform extensive network reconnaissance using tools like Netscan to identify valuable targets and gather information on the network topology.
Medusa uses legitimate tools and protocols, such as RDP and SMB, to move laterally within the network, leveraging stolen credentials.
The ransomware collects sensitive data from the infected systems, preparing it for exfiltration.
The ransomware encrypts files using AES256 encryption, appending the ".medusa" extension to affected files.
Data is exfiltrated to remote servers controlled by the attackers. This data is then used to pressure victims into paying the ransom.
The final stage involves dropping a ransom note, typically named "!!read_me_medusa!!.txt," instructing victims on how to pay the ransom to decrypt their files. The group uses a mix of RSA and AES encryption to secure the ransom transactions.
TTPs used by Medusa ransomware
How to Detect Medusa ransomware with Vectra AI
FAQs
What is Medusa's primary method of initial access?
Medusa primarily exploits vulnerabilities in remote desktop protocols (RDP) and uses phishing campaigns to gain initial access.
How does Medusa ransomware evade detection?
They use PowerShell scripts and modify registry settings to disable security tools and avoid detection.
Which industries are most targeted by Medusa ransomware?
Healthcare, manufacturing, education, and professional services are among the most targeted industries.
What encryption methods does Medusa ransomware use?
Medusa uses a combination of RSA and AES256 encryption to secure their ransomware transactions and encrypt victim files.
How does Medusa ransomware exfiltrate data?
Data is exfiltrated to remote servers controlled by the attackers, typically over secure channels to avoid detection.
What is the typical ransom note name used by Medusa?
The ransom note is typically named "!!read_me_medusa!!.txt."
What tools does Medusa ransomware use for network discovery?
Medusa uses tools like Netscan for network reconnaissance and to identify valuable targets.
How does Medusa ransomware achieve lateral movement?
They utilize legitimate tools and protocols like RDP and SMB, leveraging stolen credentials to move laterally.
How can organizations protect against Medusa ransomware?
Implementing strong security measures, such as regular patching, using multi-factor authentication, and monitoring network traffic for unusual activity, can help protect against Medusa.
What role can XDR solutions play in defending against Medusa ransomware?
XDR solutions provide comprehensive visibility and automated response capabilities, detecting and mitigating suspicious activities across endpoints, networks, and cloud environments.